Designing for Longevity: Succession Planting and the Urban Canopy
Tree planting is often framed as a simple climate solution, but long-term success depends on thinking well beyond the moment a tree goes into the ground. Across our work at Bayview, we approach planting as a long-term process rooted in ecological succession. Guidance from organizations like the Tacoma Tree Foundation reinforces a principle we see repeatedly in urban landscapes: healthy canopies are built over time, not all at once.
Understanding Succession in an Urban Context
In natural forest systems, succession is the gradual process through which plant communities change and mature. Early pioneer species prepare the conditions for understory plants and, eventually, a stable canopy. Succession planting in designed landscapes follows the same logic, working with nature’s patterns rather than against them.
In cities, this approach becomes especially critical. Many urban sites, including NYCHA campuses, are dominated by mature shade trees that were all planted at the same time. While these trees provide significant environmental and social value, they often share similar life spans. Without planning for what comes next, entire canopies can decline at once, leaving communities without shade, habitat, or comfort.
Designing the Next Generation
Succession planting allows for proactive canopy continuity. Younger trees are introduced beneath or alongside mature ones, selected not only for their future size and form, but for their ability to establish under existing conditions. Over time, they become the next generation, ready to take over as older canopy trees age out.
This strategy reduces the risk of widespread canopy loss and spreads change gradually rather than concentrating it into a single disruptive moment. It also supports healthier urban ecosystems by maintaining shade coverage, moderating temperatures, and protecting soil health.
Site, Species, and Stewardship
As with any successful planting strategy, succession planting depends on aligning site conditions, species selection, and long-term care. Soil quality, drainage, light levels, and root competition all influence whether younger trees can establish successfully beneath an existing canopy. Species must also tolerate the stresses of urban environments.
Equally important is early care. The first few years determine whether young trees will thrive. Clear stewardship plans that address watering, mulching, and protection from compaction help ensure long-term success.
Planning for What Comes After
Successful planting is not a one-time intervention, but a commitment to continuity. Designing with succession in mind supports landscapes that evolve gradually, maintain ecological function, and continue serving communities over time.
At Bayview, designing for longevity means looking beyond today’s canopy and planning intentionally for what follows. When planting strategies mirror natural processes, urban landscapes become more resilient, adaptable, and enduring.
